On July 16, 1909, Tehran was conquered by the Constitutional Revolution forces and the despotic rule of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was overthrown.

Mohammad Ali Shah started his rancor against the Constitutional System by bombing the Majles (Parliament) on June 22, 1908. Since then until the Conquer of Tehran that lasted for one year, Mohammad Ali Shah established martial law in Tehran and appointed the Kazakh force headed by a Russian officer Liakhov as the ruler of Tehran. This one-year period is called the “The short despotism” in Iran’s history. The agents of martial law government ransacked houses of freedom-seekers, closed newspapers and associations and hanged freedom lover journalists like Soore Esrafil and Malekolmotakallemin. This atmosphere of dread and fear caused a deadly silence across Iran.

But in Tabriz, there was only one neighborhood left that was still resisting against the attack of the government and Kazakh forces and that was the Amirkhiz neighborhood commanded by Sattarkhan; it was after their heroic resistance that other parts of Tabriz rose up and the resistance spread out all across other Iranian cities. The constitutionalist forces became united and moved towards Tehran, and conquered it. Mohammad Ali Shah took refuge in the Russian embassy.