Iraqi government officials tell The Associated Press that Iran played an integral role leading up to Russia’s move to launch its air campaign in Syria and play a stronger role in Iraq, with Quds Force chief Qassem Suleimani meeting for three hours with Russian President Vladimir Putin to push for intervention.
Soleimani went to Moscow in August with the message that Russian airstrikesin Syria were imperative, said the two senior officials, who were later briefed on the meeting. Soleimani and Putin reviewed maps and surveillance photos and shared intelligence, all suggesting the militant group would expand its reach to Russia’s doorstep in the Caucuses if Moscow didn’t act, the two officials said.
The meeting also covered plans to create a joint intelligence-sharing center between Iraq, Syria, Iran and Russia in Baghdad, which began operating later the same month. Soleimani also met with senior Russian military officials during his visit, the officials said. The two officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk about the secret meeting,
The Iranian role points to the powerful influence of the country, which is the strongest backer of Bashar Assad and is close to the Shiite-led leadership in Iraq’s U.S.-backed government. Russia’s dive into the Mideast’s conflicts marks a shifting of alliances, particularly with Iraq, where officials have grumbled that the U.S.-led coalition’s air campaign against IS has not been as effective as they hoped and the prime minister has said he’d welcome Russian airstrikes.
Russian military jets launched the airstrike campaign in Syria on Sept. 30.
 But it heavily hit rebels on the front-line against Syria’s military, raising accusations that it is intervening to boost Assad in the civil war, now in its fifth year, after a series of losses by his military.
The U.S. meanwhile has had to navigate around regional alliances and enmities in trying to roll back IS’s spread across large parts of Iraq and Syria. In Syria, Washington refuses to work with Assad’s government in the air campaign, saying Assad needs to leave power, and it has been wary of appearing to help Syrian troops with strikes against IS.
In Iraq, the U.S. has been wary of helping to deepen Iran’s influence and has avoided coordinating with the Shiite militias, while pressing the Shiite-led government to ease sectarian tensions with the Sunni minority. Washington and Tehran refuse to work with each other directly.
Soleimani, Tehran’s point man in both the Syrian and Iraq conflicts, has been key in organizing Shiite militias in Iraq and Syria. Meanwhile, the U.S.-trained Iraqi military crumbled in the face of the IS advances last year and has struggled to gain ground ever since. When IS took the western city of Ramadi in May, a top U.S. general complained that Iraqi forces didn’t have the will to fight. U.S. airstrikes have been key in pushing back IS on several fronts in Iraq and Syria, often in coordination with the Iraqi military or Kurdish fighters on the ground.
Last month, Iran granted permission for Russian planes to fly over its territory en route to Syria, Russian news agencies said on Sept. 9. After Bulgaria rejected Moscow’s overflight request for Sept. 1-24, a path via Iran and Iraq appeared to be the only one left, as Russia apparently sought to avoid flying over Turkey, which in 2012 grounded a Syria-bound plane carrying radar parts from Moscow.
Defense Secretary Ashton Carter said Russia’s airstrikes in Syria in support of the Assad regime were “pouring gasoline on the fire” and called for Moscow to pursue a political solution.
Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi sharply criticized President Barack Obama, accusing him of a lack of “will” in the fight against IS. He called the U.S. support in the fight “limited” and said he had expected “massive air power.”
France24 interview in New York last week where al-Abadi was speaking at the United Nations General Assembly.