BEIJING — China expects its population to rise by around 45 million — almost the number of people in Spain — in the next five years, it said on Saturday, as it confronts a growing demographic crisis in the wake of the one-child policy.
A draft five-year plan published at the opening of the National People’s Congress, the country’s Communist-controlled Parliament, projected that the population — long the world’s largest — would grow to “around 1.42 billion” by 2020.
That contrasted with the previous document, issued in 2011 when population controls limiting most couples to a single offspring were still in force, which pledged to restrict the population to “within 1.39 billion” by last year.
Authorities insist that the family planning rules have been a key contributor to the country’s economic boom, but they were often brutally enforced and have left China with a shrinking workforce and severe gender imbalances.
The government this year loosened the hugely controversial one-child policy to allow all couples to have two children.
China’s working-age population, which it defines as 15-59, has been in decline since 2012 while the number of people above 60 is ballooning, placing enormous pressure on the country’s pension system.
The country will raise its retirement age to address the issue, the plan said, “gradually postponing” it in order “to comprehensively deal with the falling working-age population.”

Source: Saudi Gazette, 6 March 2016